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4th e3building workshop"Built in 2020 - Today's Residential Dreams?" Most buildings built today will still be standing twenty years from now and will just be reaching what could be called their first age of maturity. The question arises whether buildings which are considered to be "innovative" by today's standards meet the expectations of their residents in the first place, and whether they will do so at all in twenty years' time. Is today's residential construction prepared to meet the future? The present confronted the future of construction in a discussion of today's residents' expectations and "dreams" for their residential lifestyle. Together with numerous building experts and based on two research projects of the Austrian program "Building of Tomorrow" e3building explored answers to the question of how ready for the future today's residential building construction really is. Today's Residential DreamsThe project "Residential Dreams - Quality Criteria for the Innovation-Oriented Housing Sector from the User's Point of View" focuses on the needs, expectations, and satisfaction of residents in 5 innovative residential projects in Vienna that have already been completed. Extensive surveys and qualitative interviews with current residents were carried out and evaluated. The following key results were discussed with our e3building partners. Built in 2020Its central theme being the future of residential construction, the project "Built in 2020 - Futuristic Pictures and Stories for Building in the Future" analyses the multitude of existing information about trends and prognoses - for everything from lifestyles to technologies, from developments in population structure to tomorrow's refrigerator. The results of this analysis were complemented by numerous interviews with a large variety of experts, ending in the presentation of a multifaceted vision of the future, "built in 2020". The framework of tomorrow's building were presented to the e3building partners as an input for further discussion. Today's BuildingWhat is required of "today's building" and of the residential construction industry in particular, in order for buildings constructed today to both be fit for the future and correspond to residents' wishes and expectations? This is the key question posed in the discussion with our e3building partners. Is today's residential construction ready to meet the future?Deficits in large-scale housing developments Large-scale housing developments have not taken advantage of the many possibilities, from the sociological to the ecological, that were open to them. Housing developments designed around a particular theme - for example, a housing project according to women's expectations, or a project with no parking but more common space for people willing to do without cars - do have high levels of quality, but they make up only a small percentage of all residential construction. A great number of tomorrow's ruins are being built today, buildings that will automatically come to be full of empty flats in the future. Concern for the return on capital dominates residential construction, so that perspectives are correspondingly short-term. Cuts are made in precisely those points which would make a residential building usable, liveable, rentable and manageable in the long term, which is to say, sustainably. Behind this phenomenon lies the effort to "hold one's one" on the market, a market which is determined to the greatest possible extent by location and money. Short-term profit results in low-quality buildings. High residential quality for everyone The goal must be to provide a liveable and affordable housing situation for all people in all walks of life. Supply and demand must approach one another in the residential housing market, but informational networking must exist in order for this to happen. Large-scale residential construction requires, first of all, a basic orientation as to which are it target groups and which goals it should realize for the future. It must be remembered that a less than optimal residential construction situation today is responsible for the empty flats of tomorrow. To a certain extent we are building the renovation projects of the future today, because we are not taking advantage of all the opportunities available to us. Variety of buildings There is no such thing as THE model sustainable building. For example, the passive solar building with windows of wood has often been mentioned in calling for such a standard. It may, however, well be that a building which is not passive solar but is in a good location represents the more sustainable option. Perhaps there will also be customers who do not want to live in a passive solar building because they prefer to leave their windows open all day long. Buildings must be developed for these customers, too, buildings which in this context also have the lowest possible levels of energy use. The customer is king! The focus of all consideration in residential construction must be the customer. It is time for construction enterprises to take their place in the services sector. For construction businesses, this means that in questions of maintenance and new projects not the construction specialists but the customer-oriented specialists - those involved in building management and marketing - should have the leading role. Marketing and construction departments today have already developed strong linkages, which makes sense in light of the fact that flats today are no longer sold as a product "off the peg." Quality of residential space and residential environments
For residents three residential quality aspects are essential which can be described in a model of three concentric circles. The first circle is the flat itself, what it offers and how cost-effective it is. The second circle describes the immediate residential environment including common space and open space within the housing development. The third circle includes the district or residential area and its transportation structure, open space, infrastructure, etc. All three of these descriptions together are essential in determining future-readiness of the housing sector; one cannot trade infrastructure quality for immediate residential quality in flats themselves, for example, because both are equally necessary. Flexible residential space or flexible residents?Low residential mobility in Austria Seen practically, the answer to the question posed is that residential space should be flexible in the Austrian cultural context. That flexibility in residential space is more important and demands more attention is supported by a number of mobility and migration studies which show that residential mobility is lower in Austria than in Anglo-Saxon cultural contexts. The customer - the buyer or renter - actually aims to stay as long as possible in the apartment, possibly even to grow old there. The flexibility of residential space itself should be given more weight in the future. When families grow, when children move out, when new functional expectations develop (home offices) - in all of these cases, residents must be able to adapt and convert their living space to accommodate new needs and possibilities. Flexibility "At your service": The usability of buildings Buildings must be able to take on new services. At the same time, they must also stand up to the demands made on them. "Future homes" and "technical homes" are not useable, but are "techno-homes" that simply contain services in a static sense. Usability, on the other hand, means that the demands made by a resident on a building today can be quite different to those made by the same resident in ten years, because residents' needs change over time. A residential building must be useable in that - in ten or twenty years - it can successfully take on the challenge of satisfying the variety of needs that will have come to exist. "Smart technology" is mentioned in this context in the project "built in 2020" Using smart technology means not only keeping flexibility in terms of construction and technology in mind, but also looking for new forms of flexibility. Buildings should be adequate in the sense of offering an exterior and overall structure that makes it possible for the needs of the future to be met. Flexibility does not end, however, with walls that can be moved or façades that can be rebuilt. Setting goals and priorities for the futureThe workshop's experts believe that the challenges of the future can only then be met when a package of goals is formulated which deals not only with technical and construction aspects per se. For example, the goal could be set of reducing income-related segregation in residential areas, or of achieving sustainability in material flows. ConclusionFuture-ready residential construction must offer a variety of living spaces for the variety of lifestyles, needs, expectations, and building uses. Therefore today's building must be an optimal building in every respect. Because the best building of the future is the highest-quality building of today. 4. Österr. Workshop
"gebaut 2020 - wohnträume von heute?" Die meisten der heute errichteten Gebäude werden in zwanzig Jahren immer noch stehen und erreichen zu diesem Zeitpunkt ihr erstes Reifealter. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob die nach heutigen Standards "innovativen" Gebäude überhaupt die Wohnwünsche ihrer Bewohner erfüllen und ob sie dies erst recht in zwanzig Jahren noch können? Ist der Wohnbau von heute überhaupt für die Zukunft gerüstet? Auf diesem Workshop wurde dem Thema "Zukunft des Bauens" die Gegenwart in Form von Wohnträumen der Bewohner gegenübergestellt. Gemeinsam mit Bauexperten wurde basierend auf den Ergebnissen von zwei Forschungsprojekten der Programmlinie "Haus der Zukunft" der Frage nachgegangen, wie zukunftsfähig der Wohnbau von heute eigentlich ist. Wohnträume von heuteIm Projekt "Wohnträume - Nutzerspezifische Qualitätskriterien im innovationsorientierten Wohnbau" stehen die Bedürfnisse, Erwartungen und Zufriedenheit von Bewohnern im Mittelpunkt. Dazu wurden umfangreiche Umfragen und qualitative Interviews mit Bewohnern von 5 bereits realisierten, innovativen Wohnanlagen in Wien durchgeführt. Die zentralen Ergebnisse des Projektes wurden im e3building Expertenkreis diskutiert. Bauen in der ZukunftDas Projekt "Gebaut 2020 - Zukunftsbilder und Zukunftsgeschichten für das Bauen von morgen" thematisiert die Zukunft des Bauens durch die Auswertung von mittlerweile umfangreich vorhandenen Trends und Prognosen - vom Lifestyle bis zu Technologien, von der Bevölkerungsentwicklung bis hin zum Kühlschrank von morgen. Die Ergebnisse daraus wurden durch Interviews mit einer bunt zusammen gesetzten Runde von Experten ergänzt und anschließend zu einem facettenreichen Zukunftsbild "gebaut 2020" abgerundet. Die Rahmenbedingungen für das Bauen von morgen dienten als Diskussionsinput für die Veranstaltung. Haus der GegenwartWelche Anforderungen stellen sich an das Haus der Gegenwart und die Bauwirtschaft im besonderen, um Gebäude für die Zukunft fit zu halten und dabei die Wünsche der Bewohner nicht aus den Augen zu verlieren? Eine Frage, der sich die Experten von e3building in einem Diskurs stellten. Wie zukunftsfähig ist der Wohnbau von heute?
Flexibler Wohnraum oder flexibler Bewohner?
Ziele und Prioritäten für die Zukunft setzenDen Herausforderungen für das Bauen und Wohnen in der Zukunft wird man sich nach Meinung der Expertenrunde nur stellen können, wenn ein Bündel von Zielen formuliert wird. Die Ziele sollten nicht nur technische und bauliche Bereiche im engeren Sinn betreffen. Ein Ziel könnte beispielsweise auch die Verringerung der einkommensmäßigen Segregationen in Wohngebieten sein oder die Nachhaltigkeit der Stoffströme. ResümeeZukunftsfähiger Wohnbau heißt vielfältigen Lebensraum für unterschiedliche Lebensstile, unterschiedliche Nutzungsformen und unterschiedliche Bedürfnisse schaffen. Dazu muss das heutige Gebäude in möglichst jeder Hinsicht ein optimales Gebäude sein. Denn das beste Haus der Zukunft ist das qualitätsvolle Haus der Gegenwart. |
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| Funded by the Austrian Federal Ministry of Transport, Innovation, and Technology | e3building is a network within the Eureka-initiative PREPARE | ||||||||||||||||
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updated: 04.03.2009 webmaster: sutter@ecology.at
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